independent

independent
in|de|pen|dent
W2 [ˌındıˈpendənt] adj
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
1¦(not owned/controlled by something)¦
2¦(fair)¦
3¦(country)¦
4¦(person)¦
5 independent study/learning
6 woman/man etc of independent means
7¦(separate)¦
8¦(politician)¦
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
1.) ¦(NOT OWNED/CONTROLLED BY SOMETHING)¦ [usually before noun]
an independent organization is not owned or controlled by, or does not receive money from, another organization or the government
▪ There are plans to split the corporation into a number of smaller independent companies.
▪ an independent charity
▪ small independent bookshops
independent of
▪ We need a central bank that is independent of the government.
independent school
especially BrE (=one not owned or paid for by the government)
▪ schools in the independent sector
independent television/radio/broadcasting etc
BrE (=not owned or paid for by the government)
▪ independent television companies
independent film
(=one not made or produced by a large film production company)
2.) ¦(FAIR)¦ [usually before noun]
an independent organization or person is not involved in a particular situation, and can therefore be trusted to be fair in judging it
▪ an independent panel of scientists
▪ An independent body (=group of people who work together) has been set up to monitor government spending.
▪ There were no independent witnesses to the shooting.
independent inquiry/advice/opinion etc
(=carried out by or given by an independent person or organization)
▪ Human rights groups have called for an independent inquiry into the killings.
▪ the results of an independent study
3.) ¦(COUNTRY)¦
an independent country is not governed or controlled by another country
▪ India became independent in 1947.
4.) ¦(PERSON)¦
a) confident and able to do things by yourself in your own way, without needing help or advice from other people
≠ ↑dependent
▪ Now that my sons are becoming more independent, I have more time for myself.
▪ a strong-willed, independent young woman
▪ He's now helping other people with spinal injuries to lead an independent life.
independent of
▪ By this age, the child becomes relatively independent of his mother.
b) having enough money to live without having to ask for help from other people
▪ It was always very important to me to be financially independent .
independent of
▪ Robert aimed to be independent of his parents by the time he was twenty.
5.) independent study/learning
when you study on your own rather than being taught by a teacher
▪ The tapes can be used in class or for independent study.
6.) woman/man etc of independent means
someone who has their own income from property, ↑investments etc, so that they do not have to work or depend on anyone else
7.) ¦(SEPARATE)¦
if one thing is independent of another, the two are not connected, or the second thing does not influence the first
independent of
▪ reports from two separate sources entirely independent of one another
▪ Three independent studies all arrived at the same conclusion.
8.) ¦(POLITICIAN)¦ [usually before noun]
an independent politician does not belong to a particular party
▪ Independent candidates won three seats.
>independently adv
▪ The two departments operate independently of each other.
▪ She had elderly parents who could no longer live independently.

Dictionary of contemporary English. 2013.

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